VNC and VTA maps are owned by nav canada. This pdf shows current version and next planned update: https://www.navcanada.ca/en/vfrchartlist.pdf For general VFR dead reckoning airspace navigation: VNC - 1 : 500,000 This is a Lambert conformal conic projection. A line on this map is an arc of a great circle and will match your compass heading after you add variation (on the map as isogonal / agonic lines) and deviation (your airplanes specific compass' error card), though it will not stay the same if you want to follow the great circle. This is impossible to navigate without computerized navigation. For busier areas (eg Toronto airspace): VTA - 1 : 250,000 This is a Transverse Mercator Projection . A line on this map is a direct route to your destination, or a Rhumb line. Rumb lines are easier to navigate because you use a constant bearing. A Rhumb line is a curved line that meets all meridians at the same angle. Is a straight line on a Transverse Mercator P...
Requirements for power driven aircraft MOOFACTAR (DAYVFR) 605.14 PG 24 of flight test notes Manifold pressure gauge for each variable pitched prop, or helicopter, or turbocharged, or supercharged engine Oil pressure Oil temperature (Coolant temp gauge if liquid cooled) Fuel gauge Altimeter Compass Tachometer (either this or manifold) Airspeed Radio (two way if in controlled airspace) FATDAPPILOV (Night extra, add day) 605.16 PG 24 of flight test notes Fuses (50% of total fuses equipped) Attitude Turn and slip Coordinator Directional Gyro (heading indicator) if beyond visual aerodrome Altimeter (sensitive pressure version) Pitot heat Position lights and anti-collision lights Instrument lights Landing lights (when carrying passengers) Oat gauge VSI As well as Current VFR Charts and CFS if departing aerodrome 602.60: a flashlight that is readily available to each crew member Requirements for power driven aircraft for IFR flight include: A checklist Current charts and ...
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