ATPL - Airline Transport Pilot

 When 'Shallow lapse rate' is referenced it means the Environmental lapse rate is slow, or as you go up the temperature doesn't change much. A rising parcel of air will cool at approx one of the following rates: Dry (unsaturated) Adiabatic Rate is:     3ºC per 1000 ft Saturated (wet) Adiabatic Rate     1.5º per 1000 ft Standard lapse rate 1.98 per 1,000 ft The greatest determiner of wether weathering will be stable or not is the environmental lapse rate.  The steeper the ELR the more unstable the weather.  That is the faster it gets colder at altitude the more unstable the weather. Stable air Means     Smooth flying     Poor vis     Steady rain     Stratus Layer cloud     Fog     Shallow lapse rate     Inversion     Warm air moving over cold air Surface cooling causes stable air     Radiation at night     Influx of cold air (cold advection - horizontall...

 High to low lookout below! A high setting on the altimeter when going to a low setting area will indicate you are higher than you are: The departure altimeter setting was 30.16 in Hg and the the destination setting is 29.91 in Hg That is a difference of 0.25 inches which is 250 feet -- The altimeter is set too high so it will indicate too high On landing the altimeter would indicate 432 + 250 feet = 682 feet The correct answer is: 682 feet ASL. If a pilot changes the altimeter setting from 30.11 in Hg to 29.96 in Hg, the altimeter will indicate 150 feet lower. Manual or mechanical changing of the altimeter will change the altitude. If the setting increases the altitude will increase. If the setting decreases the altitude will decrease. If a change in pressure happens, climbing or descending or flying into higher or lower pressure regions, then the altitude changes. In this case though the decrease in pressure (increase in altitude or flying into lower pressure) the altitude incre...

Forced approach Two methods: General process: Vital actions Select landing site Plan approach & begin flying it Cause check / restart attempt Mayday call Passenger briefing Secure engine Landing From Kevin: Glide Field Approach Cabin/Cause Radius Approach Briefing Secure Engine 1) 360º method Carb heat Best glide (c152  60  / c172 68) Go towards runway at 1400 AGL (600 + 600 +200) ( COWLS ) Prelanding checks Engine restart procedure Mayday call Including  7700 ELT on Passenger briefing Secure Engine Execute a rate 1 turn @ 60 kias, this will loose you 600 FPM per 1/2 revolution You will be around 200 ft high, adjust for your actual height as you hit your turn key points at 800 AGL and 500 AGL. High key, Low key, final key are 2700, 2100, 1800 DO NOT extend downwind, you can change the shape of the turn if needed Soft field / Emergency Landing without engine power procedures Note: the plane will loose 600 FPM per minute @ 60 kias 2) Circuit method Procedure depends on ...

 Precautionary Landing Normal circuit with the addition of inspection passes Slow cruise (65/60 KIAS) with 20° flaps High Pass Circuit altitude (or 1500 if overflying aerodrome for field inspection)   Primary objective is determining whether it’s safe to approach and fly a low pass Look around the field for obstacles or hazards Low Pass:   As low as is necessary (depends on obstacles, usually 300-500 feet) Primary objective is determining if the surface itself is suitable Look at the field for surface condition If landing off airport, prepare aircraft for off-airport landing A Precautionary Landing is a Circuit with Extra Steps How to get distance from? Precautionary on a field Civilization, are there people around to assist us after landing? Wind, identify direction which will identify landing location High Pass, fly along landing area (downwind or upwind side) Look for Objects Fly toward upwind leg, on base leg descend to 100 - 500 AGL On Upwind set 60 kts, 100-500 AG...